Commontermsregarding location include medial and lateral. Medial mean towards the midline while lateral means away from the midline.For instance, the brachial artery is medial to the biceps tendon. Other terms include anterior and posterior, superior and inferior. Anatomical planes include the median and midsagittal plane, the parasagittal plane, frontal and coronal plane and the transverse plane. Other anatomical terms include cranial, caudal, superficial, deep, external internal distal and peripheral which means towards the outward part.
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Basic Biological Molecules
The four main categories of biomolecules include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The molecules constitute the bulk of living bodies and play an important role in regulating the body temperature. Carbohydrates are the starch and sugars that the body use for energy.Lipids, on the other hand, assist the body in storing energy. Proteins carry specific role in the body. They act as enzymes to speed up body reactions. Nucleic acids are very important to the function of living cells.
Parts of a cell include the cell membrane, chloroplast, cytoplasm, Golgi body, large vacuole, lysosomes, mitochondria, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, ribosome, small vacuole and the cell wall.
Basic Tissue Types.
The basic tissue types in the body include connective tissue like the blood and bone that binds other tissues in the body. Another type of tissue is the epithelial tissue like the skin which is used to cover external and internal surfaces of the body. Muscular tissue creates movement and force while the nervous tissue is responsible for signaling from one part of the body to another. The four tissues form organs and body structures.
Structure and Function of the Skin.
Been the largest body organ the primary function of the skin is to protect us from microbes and elements thereby assisting in regulation of body temperature, allows sensation of touch heat and feeling cold. The skin has three layers:
The epidermis is the outermost part that provides waterproof and creates the skin tone.
The dermis the middle layer that contains tough connective tissues like the sweat glands and hair follicles. The last layer is the hypodermis that is made of fats and connective tissues. The color of the skin is created by special cells referred to as melanocytes.
Diseases associated with the skin includes rash, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, dandruff, acne, cellulitis which is the inflammation of the dermis, skin abscess, rosacea, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, seborrhea keratosis and actinic keratosis.
List of Bones in the Body
There is206 bones in the human body. They are cranium, mandible, clavicle, manubrium, scapula, sternum, ribs, humerus, ulna radius, pelvic girdle, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, patella, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, sacrum, coccyx, lumbar, vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, cervical vertebrae.
Muscles in the body
The three basic muscle tissues in the body are the cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscles. Cardiac muscle is located in the heart walls and isunderinvoluntary control. Smooth muscle islocated in hollow vascular organs and appearsspindle-shaped. Skeletal muscles are the muscles attached to the skeleton like the biceps.
The peripheral, central and autonomic nervous system.
The peripheral nervous system links the central nervous system to the environmental stimuli to gather input and also create motor output. It is made up of neurons which communicate through electric signaling. The peripheral nervous system is further broken down to autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system activates the fight response and the rest and digests responses to stress. It regulates the conditions of the heart, respiration, and modulation of blood pressure.
The central nervous systems has immense controlover body functions and the mind. It consists of the spine and the brain.it is the interpreter of the external environment.
The Endocrine System
The system consists of glands that produce hormones and chemical substances that help the body to regulate the functions of organs and cells. The hormones are responsible for controlling body growth and sexual developments in the body.
Senses and How the Sensory Organs Function.
The eyes allow us to see. We can also use the eyes to judge depth and interpret new information. The nose is another of the five senses. It allows us to smell scents. Smell also have the strongest connection to memory. The ears allow us to hear different sounds. The tongue is used to taste food drinks and other substances. Also allow in sensing hot and cold. The skin is the last human sense. The skin does many functions. It assists in perspiration, protection from elements and sensing contact with our bodies.
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